Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension programmes in. As the global population climbs to an expected 8,000 million by 2025, today at least 800 million people suffer from chronic hunger. Agricultural extension manual web version chapter 1. The type of service, and the way in which it is provided, is given in two ways extension events planned in advance which form the annual extension plan. Sdre has now completed the third edition of a classic reference manual on agricultural extension. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food. The agricultural extension methods and their applicability to. Sep 11, 2011 agricultural extension, or agricultural advisory, is increasingly acknowledged as a strong contributor to agricultural development. Extension and advisory services rural extension services.
All takedown requests will be promptly acknowledged and investigated. During the 1960s and 1970s, staterun, statefunded agricultural extension and advisory services played a key role in increasing agricultural productivity. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to. Agricultural extension and development my development diary. Manual on rural agricultural work experience rawe i.
Pakistan is an agricultural based economy and about twothird population lives in the rural areas. The terms of reference for the ncc will include the following. The first edition of such a reference manual was published in 1973, and the second edition in 1984. This chapter introduces daes revised extension approach.
Agricultural research extension and training mutually reinforce each other. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Rb channelrole of extension in rural development aug. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. However, structural adjustment programmes during the 1980s and 1990s led to a significant decline in the funds available and farmers suffered as a result. Current extension service models, what works and what does. A total of 38 authors from 15 countries contributed to the.
Researchextensionfarmer linkages committee manual a publication of the council for scientific and industrial research csir and the. An evaluation of venda agricultural extension service. It is not easy to undertake a normative task such as in trying to compile generic. Paper presented in the south african society for agricultural extension conference held in cape town. Kasetsart university, thailand, 1956 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriculture in the department of agricultural economics we accept this thesis as conforming to the. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. Contractingout and contractingin approaches in extension services. Improving agricultural extension a reference manual oer africa. Action on these conclusions vvould address the key limiting factors of world banksupported agricultural extension projects or components. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production. Matf innovative partnerships and approaches dear guest of honour, mrs phoebe odhiambo, grant holders of matf, representatives of the media, ladies and gentlemen, it is a special day today as we as we are about to start the 4th grant holders workshop of the maendeleo agricultural.
Role of agricultural extension in the sustainable agricultural development figure 1. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has. Pdf improving agricultural extension a reference manual. Organisational and management structure of the department of agricultural extension chapter 3. This handbook is designed as a reference manual for frontline extension. The lack of a national framework for extension and advisory services created unnecessary confusion with regard to roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders on service delivery. This led to a variety of rural services and institutions, including agricultural extension. Review article study of role of agricultural extension in the. Agricultural extension is defined as those who support people engaged in agricultural production through the facilitation of their efforts to progress and find solutions. The main purpose of these extension models is to help modernise agriculture, promote livestock husbandry among the. Reforming the agricultural extension system in india ifpri. Handbook for best practices for extension educators agrilinks. Poverty, hunger, economic growth, food production, and natural resource degradation are all great challenges in todays world.
Willem zijp is senior agricultural extension specialist, rural development department, the world bank. This guide is written within the context of rural development and agricultural systems to be found in what we refer to as the developing world. Their primary purpose was to create a bridge between research, extension. The implications for policy makers of harnessing rural radio to improve agricultural extension are also discussed. It is meant to support and educate agricultural extension workers. In africa there is an estimated 1 extension worker per 4,000 farmers, compared with 1 per 200 hundred farmers in developed countries. With special reference to southeast asia by somsala jeerapandh b. The role of agricultural extension in the sustainable development of rural areas has not been. Dimensions of agricultural extension from the above discussion the following dimensions of agricultural extension can be identified. The national agricultural extension strategy therefore, aims to contribute in achieving the national and international development goals, such as. Paem concept paem is an approach how to make good, participatory and farmer lead agricultural extension, and how to make sure that action and learning by doing can take place in farmers field. Introducing a farmers livestock school training approach. The agricultural extension methods and their applicability.
Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension programmes. The national agricultural statistics service nass is the official federal statistical agency for agriculture. Reducing poverty and social inequalities, the sustainable use of natural resources, and participatory development, are general objectives to which extension policies can make a contribution. Extension farmer linkage committees relcs which were to serve as an interface between the national agricultural research system nars and the national agricultural extension system naes. Cost sharing cost recovery approach, commodity specific approach, farmer field schools, convergence of sciences and innovation systems approaches. Agriculture students primarily to understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize.
Agricultural research and extension for food security. A reference manual alternative models and recent trends in organising agricultural extension. It is nonformal educational process in which emphasis is given on technology transfer. Elements that contribute in the dissemination of sustainable agricultural development. Reforming the agricultural extension system in india. The available improved agriculture technology has the potential of raising the yields of agriculture products in the country at least twice or thrice. Extension and advisory services rural extension services for. Agricultural research and extension network paper no. If you believe that any material in vtechworks should be removed, please see our policy and procedure for requesting that material be amended or removed. In order to realize agricultural potential and to increase agricultural yields, indias extension system has experienced major conceptual, structural, and institutional changes since the late 1990s. Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge.
A total of 38 authors from 15 countries contributed to the 23 chapters of this book and thus they provided. Introduction the rural agricultural work experience rawe is a compulsory course offered in vital semester to b. Guidelines on participatory agricultural extension. Agriculture extension is the process of transferring the advance agriculture technology to farming community. The proportion of agriculture budgets allocated to extension services varies from country to country, for example, from 5% in zambia to 50% in. Newly formed nations, the rural population of which formerly maintained a subsistence agriculture with limited industry, found it essential to establish a betterbalanced economy. Stakeholders who provide extension services work to obtain information, skills, and technologies to improve producer livelihoods and strengthen linkages within the agricultural value chain. The basic philosophy of agricultural extension was established in the more highly developed countries over the past century. An agricultural extension model for developing areas in southern africa. Creating sustainable agricultural impact for smallholders.
However, under extension as a learning paradigm, extension workers must learn from the farmers being served, as well as listen and link to research and markets, in setting extension priorities. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations. The available improved agriculture technology has the potential of raising the yields of. Organisations of the food and agriculture united nations, rome. Approaches to agricultural extension delivery the general agricultural extension approach, training and visit approach, farming systems research approach. Agricultural extension is a professional method where professional extension workers are employed. Effective agricultural extension can help farmers identify and overcome production, management and marketing problems by facilitat ing the exchange of technical information. Sustainable agriculture extension manual part 1 technology development and extension participatory agricultural extension, 2 meetings to raise awareness, 2 institutional survey, 3 wealth ranking, 3 needsassessment survey, 4 learning about local practices, 5 planning, 5 participatory technology development, 5. Evaluation of the ethiopian agricultural extension with particular emphasis on the participatory demonstration and training extension system padetes, ethiopian economic associationethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa. Many of the underlying notions embedded within the new approach, such as targeting of poor smallholders, promotion of participatory extension methods. Their primary purpose was to create a bridge between research, extension, farmers and agribusiness. The haitian population is among the poorest in the world, with over 78 percent living on less than united states u.
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